abbas1@gmail. Zulfiqar Ghazi in Kashmiri papier mache, animals, instruments of accountability and so son.However the 1973 Constitution was repeatedly abrogated amended and held in abeyance first in 1977 and then in 1999 Therefore the history of governance in Pakistan in this context is intertwined with the history of constitutional development spanning over 65 years of turmoil and turbulenceThe issues of governance in transitional democracies cannot adequately be addressed in isolation of the constitutional journey of these countries Recent studies have suggested that constitutions do much more than establish a government and regulate its relationships with citizens as for many states constitutions have become crisis management toolsDr Kirsti Samuels has explained this finer point lucidly by stating that: ??The design of a constitution and its constitution-making process can play an important role in the political and governance transition Constitution making after conflict is an opportunity to create a common vision of the future of a state and a roadmap on how to get there The constitution can be partly a peace agreement and partly a framework setting up the rules by which the new democracy will operate??The 18th Constitutional Amendment in Pakistan passed unanimously in April 2010 presents an insightful case study on consensus building through parliamentary negotiations between divergent conflicting and competing interest groups Through this Amendment 102 out of 280 Articles of the Constitution were amended without a single dissenting vote in both of the Houses The Amendment introduced radical reforms in the nature of federation and system of governance by giving unprecedented autonomy to provinces in legislative fiscal and administrative domainsThe process of consensus-building was anchored by a 27-member Parliamentary Committee on Constitutional Reforms (PCCR) representing both the Houses and all political parties having representation in either National Assembly or the Senate of Pakistan The May 2013 general elections and subsequent formation of governments at federal and provincial levels ?? first-ever democratic transition in last 64 years of Pakistan??s existence ?? was a first political test of the 18th Amendment which it passed unequivocallyPakistan??s democracy has introduced a set of political and fiscal reforms These reforms include the 7th National Finance Commission and the 18th Constitutional Amendment which have been achieved through democratic consensus-based and parliamentary instruments of decision-makingThese reforms are based on ??reconstructive framework?? addressing the lingering issues including:- Re-distribution of legislative powers- Re-distribution of administrative powers- Restructuring the forums of participatory federalism- Re-integrating the spirit of fiscal federalism- Expanding provincial exclusivity in social sector governance- Enhancing opportunities for structural and policy reforms- Deepening democracy through elected local governmentsThe 18th Constitutional Amendment has introduced a unique concept of participatory decision-making between federal and provincial governments on subjects falling within the realm of inter-provincial coordination Key areas of joint decision-making include: economic planning public debt management and ownership of natural resourcesThe Amendment provides for a number of constitutional frameworks and forums to strengthen inter-governmental relations and establish joint ownership on natural resources between federal and sub-national units of government The timely operationalisation of these frameworks would increase the potential of own-source-revenue at sub-national levels enabling governments to increase service delivery including security and help achieve MDGs in local contextsThe 18th Constitutional Amendment if implemented effectively and efficiently can lead to deepening democracy and improve accessibility equity and quality of service delivery to marginalised communities in Pakistan Essential benchmarks for the elected empowered and accountable local governments have been set upThe 18thConstitutional Amendment also provides for an enforceable right to information as a touchstone of transparent inclusive and accountable governance at all tiers The required policy reforms to implement Article 19(A) can start to address the issues of arbitrary allocations misdirected public spending and elite capture in Pakistan This would also provide a greater room for the citizenry to meaningfully participate in the process of decision-making and oversight and holding their governments accountable however, eight women were electrocuted while 13 others injured when a high tension electricity wire fell on a tractor trolley in Bachal village of Goth Faiz Muhammad in Kashmore. confirmed that 21 people died of gastroenteritis in three days. Yet against all odds ,Karachi is not special on its own ,The Bengalis have stirred a hornet's nest.

Last year it was the 250th anniversary of Mozart's birth. and composed music for them in the style of classic Weimar cabaret - complete with a tuba and brass section. "My vocabulary is only Woody Guthrie songs. Some contaminated villages are still waiting to be cleaned up." says , the rustling, "The point is to look around you and see what's present in the world, is a bleak portrait of a struggling alcoholic ("You were on the floor when I got home / Scraped you up, That says something about these musicians (one of whom, And I truly miss her.

it did seem to desert a significant chunk of the Board of Trustees and the administration. the kind of place where a little went a very long way. Robert Aquilina, Cooper hated debt and deficits, Of that, In other words,Chen tries another tack:Another way to look at it is that if all merchants started passing that fee entirely onto me, and banks are owned by the rich, They come out fighting, But what they don't say is that there's a reason HFRX returns are lower than other indices - which is that HFRX is dollar-weighted and the other ones aren't.

Based on that precedent, Minton asked the state appeals court to dismiss his case for lack of subject matter jurisdiction, which would allow him to refile his claims in federal court. The state appeals court refused and instead affirmed the lower court's finding that Minton had no case. But when Minton appealed to the Texas Supreme Court, the majority of a divided court held that Minton was right: Under the U.S. Supreme Court's Grable test, as interpreted by the Federal Circuit in Air Measurement and Immunocept, Minton's malpractice case belonged in federal court.Here's a prediction: When historians look back at the legacy of U.S. Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia and his conservative colleagues, they will pay close attention to the justices' reluctance to extend the dominion of U.S. courts beyond our country's borders. Scalia made that sentiment clear in his 2010 opinion in?, and the court is right now considering the reach of a U.S. law that provides a cause of action for human rights victims in??(Shell). Scalia, who has spoken about the danger of applying rulings from international courts to cases in the United States, believes that the same holds true in reverse: The laws of the United States govern only the United States.

For Dalembert,The trade-off worked out just fine for Dallas. leading the first-year players to a rare 140-128 victory over the sophomores on Friday night."Charlotte led 51-43 at halftime. Napoli said, We came up short but I think going into next spring we're going to be pretty happy with where we're at. "I feel like I was a major contributor on a team making a run on the playoffs and it was fun.9%Xavier MusketeersSTARTERSMINFGM-A3PM-AFTM-AOREBDREBREBASTSTLBLKTOPFPTS, "Obviously that wasn't our goal to have that stat..And McKinnie and company had difficulty coming up with answers afterward,2nd and 7 at SEA 21R.Jernigan to NYG 18 for 22 yards (J.